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NI-wide·Technical Booklet C Site Preparation and Resistance to Contaminants and Moisture

The Building Regulations do not set any requirements for resistance to flooding. However, where planning permission is granted for a building in an area considered to be at risk of flooding, or where

NI-wide·Technical Booklet C Site Preparation and Resistance to Contaminants and Moisture

The site of a building and the ground adjacent to it shall be drained as far as reasonably practicable, or the building otherwise protected so as to prevent any harmful effect on the building or the h

NI-wide·Technical Booklet C Site Preparation and Resistance to Contaminants and Moisture

The guidance in Section 2 is to ensure that the site is prepared and treated to prevent harmful effect on the building and on the health and safety of the occupants by requiring an appropriate site in

NI-wide·Technical Booklet C Site Preparation and Resistance to Contaminants and Moisture

It is the view of the Department that the requirements of regulation 27 will be met if the site of the building and the ground adjacent to it is drained by subsoil drainage as far as reasonably practi

NI-wide·Technical Booklet C Site Preparation and Resistance to Contaminants and Moisture

The guidance in Section 4 is to prevent harmful effect on the building and the health of occupants by any existing active subsoil drainage which is disturbed by the development and then requiring the

NI-wide·Technical Booklet C Site Preparation and Resistance to Contaminants and Moisture

Section 5 contains guidance on the construction of floor types which will resist the passage of moisture from the ground. Section 6 contains guidance on the construction of wall types which will resis

NI-wide·Technical Booklet C Site Preparation and Resistance to Contaminants and Moisture

In this Technical Booklet the following definitions apply – Contaminant – is defined in regulation 25 in Part C of the Building Regulations. Drain – is defined in regulation 2 in Part A of the Buildin

NI-wide·Technical Booklet C Site Preparation and Resistance to Contaminants and Moisture

When undertaking work to or in connection with a building of historic or architectural merit, the aim should be to follow the guidance in this Technical Booklet to the extent that it is practicable. P

NI-wide·Technical Booklet C Site Preparation and Resistance to Contaminants and Moisture

There may be some occasions when a site containing contaminants has not been identified at planning stage, and the presence of contaminants is suspected later. Some signs indicating the possible prese

NI-wide·Technical Booklet C Site Preparation and Resistance to Contaminants and Moisture

Where contamination of a site is discovered during the building process, regulation 26(1)(b) empowers the district council to require the site to be remediated to a state suitable for the proposed dev

NI-wide·Technical Booklet C Site Preparation and Resistance to Contaminants and Moisture

Table 3.3 Examples of possible contaminants Signs of possible contaminants | Possible contaminant Vegetation (absence, poor or unnatural growth) | Metals, Metal compounds, Organic compounds, Gases (

NI-wide·Technical Booklet C Site Preparation and Resistance to Contaminants and Moisture

4.1 The provisions that follow assume that the site of the building and the ground adjacent to it is not subject to flooding. 4.2 Where the water table can rise to within 250 mm of the lowest damp pr

NI-wide·Technical Booklet C Site Preparation and Resistance to Contaminants and Moisture

4.3 If the route of an existing active subsoil drain would pass under the building it should be – (a) relaid in pipes with sealed joints and have access points before and after it passes under the bui

NI-wide·Technical Booklet C Site Preparation and Resistance to Contaminants and Moisture

4.4 Where there is a risk that ground water beneath or around the building could adversely affect the stability and properties of the ground, either the ground to be covered by the building should be

NI-wide·Technical Booklet C Site Preparation and Resistance to Contaminants and Moisture

4.5 General excavation work for foundations and services can alter the passage of ground water which flows through the site. Where water borne contaminants are present in the ground, either the ground

NI-wide·Technical Booklet C Site Preparation and Resistance to Contaminants and Moisture

4.6 For protecting low lying buildings or basements from localised backflow where foul water drainage also receives rainwater, information is provided in CLG Approved Document H Drainage and waste dis

NI-wide·Technical Booklet C Site Preparation and Resistance to Contaminants and Moisture

4.7 Blockages in drains and sewers may lead to backflow of sewage into buildings. Information on preventing backflow is given in CIRIA publication C506 Low-cost options for prevention of flooding from

NI-wide·Technical Booklet C Site Preparation and Resistance to Contaminants and Moisture

This section gives guidance on the resistance to the passage of moisture from the ground in relation to the following floor types – (a) ground supported floors (see paragraphs 5.3 to 5.11); (b) suspen

NI-wide·Technical Booklet C Site Preparation and Resistance to Contaminants and Moisture

Any ground supported floor should meet the requirement to resist the passage of moisture from the ground if the ground is covered with dense concrete laid on a hardcore bed and a damp proof membrane i

NI-wide·Technical Booklet C Site Preparation and Resistance to Contaminants and Moisture

DPM above or below the concrete or insulation, and continuous with the damp proof courses in walls, piers and the like. If the ground could contain water soluble sulfates, or there is any risk that su

NI-wide·Technical Booklet C Site Preparation and Resistance to Contaminants and Moisture

A membrane below the concrete should be formed with a sheet of polyethylene, which should be at least 300 μm thick (1200 gauge) with sealed joints and laid on a bed of material that will not damage th

NI-wide·Technical Booklet C Site Preparation and Resistance to Contaminants and Moisture

A membrane laid above the concrete should be either polyethylene sheet as described above (but without the bedding material) or three coats of cold applied bitumen solution or similar moisture and wat

NI-wide·Technical Booklet C Site Preparation and Resistance to Contaminants and Moisture

A membrane between the floor finish and the insulation may be polyethylene sheet as described above.

NI-wide·Technical Booklet C Site Preparation and Resistance to Contaminants and Moisture

Where the DPM is on the warm side of the insulation it will act as a vapour control layer (VCL) and minimise the risk of interstitial condensation forming on any of the layers on the cold side of the

NI-wide·Technical Booklet C Site Preparation and Resistance to Contaminants and Moisture

Where the DPM is on the warm side of the insulation it will also act as a vapour control layer (VCL) and prevent interstitial condensation forming on any of the layers on the cold side of the insulati

NI-wide·Technical Booklet C Site Preparation and Resistance to Contaminants and Moisture

Insulants should have sufficient compressive strength to resist the weight of the slab, the anticipated floor loading as well as any possible overloading during construction. In order to resist degrad

NI-wide·Technical Booklet C Site Preparation and Resistance to Contaminants and Moisture

A timber floor finish laid directly on concrete may be bedded in a material which may also serve as a DPM. Timber fillets laid in the concrete as a fixing for a floor finish should be treated with an

NI-wide·Technical Booklet C Site Preparation and Resistance to Contaminants and Moisture

Any suspended timber floor next to the ground should meet the requirement to resist the passage of moisture from the ground if – (a) the ground is covered so as to resist moisture and prevent plant gr

NI-wide·Technical Booklet C Site Preparation and Resistance to Contaminants and Moisture

A suspended timber floor next to the ground should be constructed as follows (see Diagram 5.2) – (a) ground cover – (i) unreinforced concrete at least 100 mm thick to mix ST 1 in BS 8500-1. The concre

NI-wide·Technical Booklet C Site Preparation and Resistance to Contaminants and Moisture

with a damp proof course of impervious sheet material, engineering brick or slates in cement mortar or other material which will prevent the passage of moisture. Guidance on choice of materials is giv

NI-wide·Technical Booklet C Site Preparation and Resistance to Contaminants and Moisture

Any suspended floor of precast or in situ concrete, including beam and block floors, next to the ground should meet the requirement to resist the passage of moisture from the ground if it will adequat

NI-wide·Technical Booklet C Site Preparation and Resistance to Contaminants and Moisture

A suspended concrete ground floor should be constructed as follows (see Diagram 5.4) – (a) in situ concrete at least 100 mm thick (but thicker if the structural design requires) of concrete designatio

NI-wide·Technical Booklet C Site Preparation and Resistance to Contaminants and Moisture

A suspended concrete ground floor should meet the requirement to resist the passage of moisture from the ground if it incorporates (see Diagram 5.4) – (a) a damp proof membrane; and (b) where there is

NI-wide·Technical Booklet C Site Preparation and Resistance to Contaminants and Moisture

The openings should be not less than either 1500 mm2/m run of external wall or 500 mm2/m2 of floor area, whichever gives the greater opening area.

NI-wide·Technical Booklet C Site Preparation and Resistance to Contaminants and Moisture

Any pipes needed to carry ventilating air should have a diameter of at least 100 mm. Ventilation openings should incorporate suitable grilles which prevent the entry of vermin to the subfloor but do n

NI-wide·Technical Booklet C Site Preparation and Resistance to Contaminants and Moisture

If floor levels need to be nearer to the ground to provide level access, subfloor ventilation can be provided through offset (periscope) ventilators.

NI-wide·Technical Booklet C Site Preparation and Resistance to Contaminants and Moisture

The DPM could be formed with a sheet of polyethylene, which should be at least 300 μm thick (1200 gauge) or three coats of cold applied bitumen solution or similar moisture and water vapour resisting

NI-wide·Technical Booklet C Site Preparation and Resistance to Contaminants and Moisture

To prevent water collecting on the ground below slab, either the top of the ground below slab should be entirely above the highest level of the adjoining ground or, on sloping sites, drainage should b

NI-wide·Technical Booklet C Site Preparation and Resistance to Contaminants and Moisture

When the DPM is placed on the cold side of the insulation there is a risk of interstitial condensation which may accumulate year-on-year and a VCL will be required. However, with insulation of high va

NI-wide·Technical Booklet C Site Preparation and Resistance to Contaminants and Moisture

Any internal or external wall should meet the requirement to resist the passage of moisture from the ground if a damp proof course is provided.

NI-wide·Technical Booklet C Site Preparation and Resistance to Contaminants and Moisture

An internal or external wall should meet the requirement to resist the passage of moisture from the ground if it is constructed as follows (unless it is subject to ground water pressure, in which case

NI-wide·Technical Booklet C Site Preparation and Resistance to Contaminants and Moisture

if the wall is an external wall, the damp proof course should be at least 150 mm above the level of the adjoining ground (see Diagram 6.1), unless the design is such that a part of the building will p

NI-wide·Technical Booklet C Site Preparation and Resistance to Contaminants and Moisture

if the wall is an external cavity wall (see Diagram 6.2), the cavity should be taken down at least 225 mm below the level of the lowest damp proof course, or a cavity tray should be provided to deflec

NI-wide·Technical Booklet C Site Preparation and Resistance to Contaminants and Moisture

The requirement to resist the passage of moisture from the ground can also be met by following the relevant recommendations of Clauses 4 and 5 of BS 8215.

NI-wide·Technical Booklet C Site Preparation and Resistance to Contaminants and Moisture

BS 8102 includes recommendations for walls subject to ground water pressure including basement walls.

NI-wide·Technical Booklet C Site Preparation and Resistance to Contaminants and Moisture

Where a cavity wall is constructed directly off a raft foundation, ground beam or similar supporting structure a cavity tray should be provided with weep holes every 900 mm to assist in the transfer o

NI-wide·Technical Booklet C Site Preparation and Resistance to Contaminants and Moisture

An external solid wall should be insulated on the inside or on the outside. Where the insulation is on the inside, a cavity should be provided to give a break in the path for moisture and, where the i

NI-wide·Technical Booklet C Site Preparation and Resistance to Contaminants and Moisture

An external cavity wall should meet the requirement if the outer leaf is separated from the inner leaf by a drained air space, or in any other way which will prevent precipitation from being carried t

NI-wide·Technical Booklet C Site Preparation and Resistance to Contaminants and Moisture

The construction of external cavity walls could include – (a) an outer leaf of masonry (bricks, blocks, stone or manufactured stone); (b) a cavity at least 50 mm wide. The cavity is to be bridged only

NI-wide·Technical Booklet C Site Preparation and Resistance to Contaminants and Moisture

The requirement can also be met by following the relevant recommendations of BS 5628-3. The code describes factors affecting rain penetration of cavity walls.